Executive Summary Multiple expansion means investors pay more per dollar of corporate earnings for a share of stock. The opposite would be the contraction or reduction in stock prices per dollar of corporate earnings. Multiple expansion results in overvaluation in stock prices from their long-term mean. One [...]

Executive Summary The Federal Reserve Bank (Fed) has two mandates: maximum employment and stable prices. However, their addition of a third unwritten mandate – propping up financial markets – has paralyzed them from addressing the current exorbitant price instability – or inflation. From 1970 to present, the [...]

Executive Summary Last week U.S. Federal debt surpassed $30 trillion! While notable, the more alarming fact is the rate of change since 2007 when it was under $10 trillion. Government programs designed to save the U.S. economy from the 2008 Financial Crisis and the 2020 Covid Pandemic [...]